You are absolutely raising all the right questions, Dan. Essential to this issue is the question of reform of Islam by Muslims and their successful integration within European societies. Check out this podcast when you can:

https://samharris.org/podcasts/friend-foe/

Maajid Nawaz is a former Islamist turned fighter against jihad. He and Sam Harris were at first at odds with each other. Through tough conversations, they bonded and eventually collaborated on the book, Islam and The Future of Tolerance. There's also a fine movie out there that captures this. Maajid has big time security concerns owing to the stance he has taken as a passionate defender of reform within Islam. One key Dan is the need to keep conversation alive and to ask really tough and sometimes unpleasant questions. I don't have the answer, and these guys realize there are a lot of disparate parties who need to talk and not resort to shouting each other down with the usual epitaphs. Climate change is going to greatly exacerbate this. Holy smokes it's going to get ugly and tragic beyond words.

Peter T.