Hi EEE,

I'd definitely recommend that you start with Miles Davis..and the CD/record "Kind of Blue".  It is a classic, and now re-issued and re-mastered.

There are too many great trumpet players out there, to even begin listing, but you might want to also check out Maynard Ferguson, Nicholas Payton, and of course Winton Marsalis.   I know David used Herb Alpert on Triage, and although some of his stuff with Tijuana Brass in the late 60's was very commercial,  he can really play the hell out of that instrument; you might want to hear some of his later, more straight jazz leaning recordings. 

Hope that's helpful.  If you wish, I would be more than happy to burn you a CD with a compilation of players.  I think by your description, I know somewhat what you may be looking for. 

Gene